Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults from the USA National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute in cooperation with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (1998)
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[NHLBI]
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Overweight and obesity in the United States has increased markedly over the past decade. According to NHANES III data, approximately fifty-five percent of adults (or an estimated 97 million adults) in the United States are overweight or obese, a condition that substantially raises their risk of cardiovascular disease, certain types of cancer, and other diseases. Higher body weights are also associated with increases in all causes of mortality. Obese individuals may also suffer from social stigmatization and discrimination.
"While there is agreement about the health risks of overweight and obesity, there is less agreement about their management. Some have argued against treating obesity because of the difficulty in maintaining long-term weight loss and of potentially negative consequences of the frequently seen pattern of weight cycling in obese subjects. Others argue that the potential hazards of treatment do not outweigh the known hazards of being obese.
"To consider these issues, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Obesity Education Initiative in cooperation with the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases convened the Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults in May 1995."
Objectives Of The Guidelines
"To identify, evaluate, and summarize published information about the assessment and treatment of overweight and obesity
To provide evidence-based guidelines for physicians, other health care practitioners, and health care organizations for the evaluation and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults
To identify areas for future research. ..."
"The guidelines, which are based on the most extensive review of the scientific literature to date, presents a new approach for the assessment and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. Executive summary presents an overview of information concerning patient assessment, evaluation, and treatment, including dietary therapy, physical activity, behavior therapy, pharmacological treatments, and surgical intervention. Features classification tables and treatment algorithm ... ."
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The Practical Guide: Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, Obesity Education Initiative, NHLBI/NIH, USA